職場英語：工作中應提防的6類同事及應對之策

（澳洲生活網訊）

An executive coach identifies the causes of troublesome colleagues』 behavior, and how best to respond.

一位高管培訓師研究出一些同事惹人心煩的行為動機，並教給我們最佳應對方法。

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The Moles

鼴鼠型的同事

Who They Are: Mole colleagues hide when they feel insecure, allowing problems to become overwhelming. Reluctant and quick to embarrass, they are easily intimidated.

他們是何許人也：當感覺不安全時，鼴鼠型的同事就會躲藏起來，任由事態惡化。他們膽小如鼠，面對問題時，他們總是陷入迅速尷尬的境地，不情願處理。

How to Identify Them: Look for these socially inept types eating alone at the cafeteria, sitting in the back of the room at the training and sneaking away early at office parties. They may seem laid-back when passing on opportunities for promotions, but they would rather languish in one position than extend themselves to advance. They can appear easygoing when accepting blame for a missed deadline, but actually lack the courage to confront the true offender. Fearful of risk, failure and rejection, they will shun attention at any cost. The moment your project requires communicating with others, moles will flee from their responsibilities and disappear under the radar.

如何判斷誰是鼴鼠型的同事：那些不善社交的人。他們通常獨自一人在自助餐廳吃飯，培訓時坐在教室後排，辦公室聚會時早早溜掉。他們看上去對身邊的晉陞機會並不計較，但他們寧願在一個工作崗位上頹廢消沉一輩子也不願向上進取。因錯過最後期限而被批評時，他們表現出很隨和的姿態，但實際上他們缺乏敢於得罪人的勇氣。他們害怕風險、失敗和被拒絕，因此會不惜一切代價把自己變成「透明人」。當你需要和別人交流你的項目時，鼴鼠型的同事會逃避責任，使你聯繫不上他。

What to Watch Out For: You might find the reclusive and pitiful nature of moles to elicit your compassion. But moles only know how to burrow down. Align yourself with them, and you will fall down the same career-isolation hole they dig for themselves.

要注意的問題：你可能會發現鼴鼠型的同事孤獨可憐的性格會引起你的同情。但是鼴鼠型的同事只知道如何挖洞藏身。與他們相處，你也會同他們一樣成為職場上的「社交孤島」。

How to Protect Yourself: Don』t waste time helping moles become less isolated. They don』t want to be noticed, and will convert anything you say into self-loathing. Count on them only for routine work that can be completed without drawing attention from senior management, especially for tasks which they volunteer to do.

如何保護自己：不要浪費時間來幫助鼴鼠型的同事變得更合群。他們不想被關注，只會將你的話語轉化為自暴自棄的行為。只有那些高管並不關注的日常工作才能放心地交給他們完成，特別是那些他們自願做的工作。

The Panhandlers

乞丐型的同事

Who They Are: Panhandler colleagues walk the line between performing at their job and hunting for constant recognition. They are time-stealing attention seekers desperate for continuous praise.

他們是何許人也：乞丐型的同事在自己的工作崗位上儘力表現，只為了獲得他人長期的肯定。他們迫切渴望得到他人的關注和持續的讚美。

How to Identify Them: You』ll find these gregarious types carrying on loudly at happy hour. They are the sycophants tailgating anyone who will toss them morsels of attention.

如何判斷誰是乞丐型的同事：那些在興奮之際就提高嗓門油嘴滑舌的人。如果有人對他們表現出一點關注，他們馬上會對其溜須拍馬。

What to Watch Out For: At first, we are pleased when we meet panhandlers, because they are willing to go out of their way to do something for us, to demonstrate their loyalty. But their loyalty shifts like a leaf in the wind. As soon as panhandlers find a better source of affirmation, they will kick you to the curb, even in the middle of an important deadline.

要注意的問題：起初，我們在遇到乞丐型的同事時是很高興的，因為他們會不辭辛勞地為我們做一些事，以此證明他們的忠誠。但是他們的忠誠就像隨風搖擺的樹葉。一旦找到對他們更加肯定的人，即使在一個重要的項目只進行到一半時，他們也會把你扔到一邊。

How to Protect Yourself: Realize that panhandlers focus on praise the way addicts focus on drugs. To keep them on task, refrain from giving them praise until the very end of an assignment or project. The moment you start doling out the compliments is the moment you』ll lose their attention.

如何保護自己：要意識到乞丐型的同事對讚美的著迷程度不亞於吸毒者對毒品的著迷程度。為使他們完成任務，在任務或項目馬上結束之前不要讚美他們。你對他們的讚美之時正是他們對工作分心之時。

The Pretenders

騙子型的同事

Who They Are: Pretender colleagues are the con men and women of the workplace. They may appear self-assured but forever worry about being discovered as frauds.

他們是何許人也：騙子型的同事是職場上的騙徒。他們可能表現得很自信但總是擔心被別人發現他們是騙子。

How to Identify Them: Pretenders misrepresent, embellish and exaggerate, creating misunderstandings and false expectations all around them. They will even manufacture a crisis, just so they can save the day.

如何判斷誰是騙子型的同事：騙子型的同事顛倒是非黑白，對自身進行美化和誇大，使別人無法對其有正確的認識。為了挽回局面，他們甚至會憑空捏造出危機事件。

What to Watch Out For: Ironically, pretenders are capable and likable when a project is in the planning stage. Then, the effort required at the execution stage triggers them to begin hyping themselves and their abilities up. They become an ongoing source of frustration, disseminating misinformation that throws everybody off course, leaving colleagues scratching their heads trying to discern the truth.

要注意的問題：具有諷刺意味的是，當一個項目處於計劃階段時，騙子型的同事很能幹，也招人喜歡。接下來，當要開始為項目執行階段付出努力時，他們開始誇大自己的作用與能力。他們開始不斷傳播消極情緒，散播錯誤信息，使大家都脫離所做的項目，讓同事們對事情的真相摸不著頭腦。

How to Protect Yourself: Keep track of their fabrications and contradictions to avoid being snared by a web of deception. When challenged about their problematic conduct, pretenders will often humble themselves. But humility is only a temporary state for pretenders. Keep them focused on facts and concrete deliverables, and give them accolades only for successfully completing projects.

如何保護自己：記錄他們的無稽之談與自相矛盾之處以避免被被他們編織的騙局所誘騙。當他們有問題的行為遭到質疑時，總是表現得很謙卑。但對於騙子型的同事來說，謙卑只是暫時的。要讓他們關注事實和具體的可交付成果，只有在他們成功完成項目後才給他們獎勵。

The Headliners

以自我為中心型的同事

Who They Are: Headliner colleagues have egos that are guaranteed to aggravate. They are arrogant status seekers convinced that everyone envies them.

他們是何許人也：以自我為中心型同事總是自我感覺良好。他們是驕傲自大的求職者，覺得別人都在嫉妒他們。

How to Identify Them: The headliners are always interrupting at meetings and hijacking conversations. They are defensive when receiving feedback, and only interested in conversations highlighting them.

如何判斷誰是以自我為中心型的同事：以自我為中心型的同事總是隨意打斷別人的會議和談話。他們在收到別人對自己的反饋時，總是存有戒心，只對那些以他們為中心的對話感興趣。

What to Watch Out For: Headliners don』t choose friends. They target people to exploit, people they believe can elevate their status. They are manipulators only interested in how you can service their ambition. Headliners will step on anyone to get ahead.

要注意的問題：以自我為中心的人不會真心實意地交朋友。他們會選擇那些有可利用價值的，能夠幫他們提升地位的人。他們只對你能為實現他的野心付出多少感興趣。以自我為中心的人會踩著別人往上爬。

How to Protect Yourself: Manage your relationship with the headliner by saying no to most requests that are outside of your job description, and require that your generosity be reciprocated before you help with their next 『favor.』 Once they realize that they cannot use you to get ahead, they will concentrate on distinguishing themselves technically, so they can boast about their contributions to the project.

如何保護自己：處理好你和以自我為中心型的同事的關係，對你工作之外的大部分要求，要勇於和他說不，在你下一次幫助他之前，要確保你的付出能夠得到回報。一旦他們意識到他們不能利用你晉陞，他們就想法設法表現出自己的技能卓越，盡量把對項目的貢獻都歸功於自己。

The Directors

主管型的同事

Who They Are: Director colleagues are obsessed with control. They cannot handle uncertainty, and they want to design the outcome of everything.

他們是何許人也：主管型的同事有強烈的控制欲。他們無法處理不確定的情況，他們想要控制每件事的結果。

How to Identify Them: Directors are more interested in being right than in doing the right thing. They cannot tolerate anyone disagreeing with them, which means they』re constantly alienating people. They are also the most unlikely co-workers to ever say, 「Thank you.」

如何判斷誰是主管型的同事：比起做正確的事情，主管型的同事更願意表現為他們的主意都是正確的。他們無法忍受別人不同意他們的觀點，那意味著他們不斷地被疏遠。他們也是最不可能對你說「謝謝」的同事。

What to Watch Out For: Heads up! Directors become loose cannons when they lose control. They will rant, insult and intimidate to keep and regain control, even if it means being disliked and feared by their colleagues.

要注意的是：當心！當主管型的同事失去控制權時，他們會變得我行我素。他們會咆哮，侮辱、恐嚇同事以重新奪回控制權，即使這會嚇到同事，被同事討厭，他們也毫不在乎。

How to Protect Yourself: With directors, don』t yield until you』ve reasoned to a middle ground. Be clear about what plans are non-negotiable and be mindful of their verbal drive-bys—and also always wear your psychic Kevlar.

如何保護自己：對付主管型的同事，除非你自己站定中間立場，否則不要退讓。清楚了解哪些項目是不用協商的，留心他們那些不文明的話語——給自己的內心穿好保護套。

The Conflict Junkies

戰鬥狂型的同事

Who They Are: Conflict junkies are a combination of all the other types described, grafted into the most toxic and hostile contagion to ever poison the workplace. If Ebola was a personality type, it would be a conflict junkie.

他們是何許人也：戰鬥狂型的同事是所有這些類型的結合體，把他們對別人的敵對心理傳染到整個工作場所。如果埃博拉病毒（Ebola）是一種性格類型，那就是這種戰鬥狂型的性格了。

How to Identify Them: They are the pathological bullies who harass even the most well-intentioned staff; the combative co-workers everyone has a horror story about; the rebellious employees so caustic, they send their superiors into septic shock. They are completely resistant to civility.

如何判斷誰是戰鬥狂型的同事：他們是心理變態的暴徒，甚至會騷擾那些出於好意的員工；每個人都有一個關乎於這些「殺氣騰騰」同事的可怕故事；這種叛逆的員工就像害蟲一樣會把這種不良性格傳染給他們上級。他們對文明採取絕對抵制的態度。

What to Watch Out For: Like moles, conflict junkies may initially appear submissive, but this is a ploy that lasts only until they have adjusted to a new situation. Like pretenders, once acclimated, they become agents of disruption. CJ』s go beyond the tactics used by directors to gain control, pitting colleagues against one another, sabotaging projects, undermining their superiors, withholding information to create conflict and misrepresenting situations to HR. Like panhandlers and headliners, they will go out of their way to feed their egos. The difference? They act with no concern for consequence, even when it threatens their own careers.

要注意的是：像鼴鼠型的同事一樣，戰鬥狂型的同事起初表現得很順從，但這是他們適應環境前的一個策略。像騙子型的同事一樣，一旦適應了新環境，他們就開始搞破壞。為獲得控制權，戰鬥狂型的同事所用的策略比主管型的同事還多，讓同事們互相攻擊，使用陰謀詭計破壞項目，陷害他們的上級，隱瞞信息使人力資源深陷衝突誤解的泥潭。像乞丐型和以自我為中心型的同事一樣，他們會使用各種手段來滿足自己的野心。他們有什麼不同嗎？戰鬥狂型同事做事不顧後果，即使危害到他們的職業生涯也毫不在乎。

How to Protect Yourself: Handling conflict junkies is more than a one-person job. Take advantage of your organization』s policies, regulations and stated values. Leverage all penalties available, even those that require legal action, if needed. Report their conduct to HR, and encourage others to do the same so that you can build a case for their termination. If they cannot conduct themselves rationally and respectfully, you should refuse to assist, comply with, respond to or even acknowledge them. If all else fails, consider asking to be reassigned or taking a new job.

如何保護自己：對付戰鬥狂僅靠一己之力是不夠的。好好利用組織上的政策，規則和所倡導的價值觀。必要的情況下，即使需要合法行動，也要採取所有能處罰他們的手段。把他們的行為報告給人力資源，倡導別人也這樣做，這樣你就能建立他的一個案底從而扳倒他。如果他們不講道理，不尊重人，那你就不要幫助他們，不要遵從他們，不理他們甚至就當不認識他們。如果這些都不行，那就考慮去別的部門，或者找一份新工作。

英文來源：赫芬頓郵報